platinum group normalized

Geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in

Polymetallic nodules and cobalt (Co)-rich crusts are enriched in platinum-group elements (PGEs), especially platinum (Pt) and may be important sinks of PGEs. At present, little information is available on PGEs in polymetallic nodules, and their geochemical characteristics and the causes of PGEs enrichment are unclear. Here, …

The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in

The platinum-group elements (PGE's), when chondrite normalized, have been found to be fractionated in order of descending melting point (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Au). Mantle-derived material (garnet lherzolite and spinel lherzolite xenoliths and alphine peridotites) have essentially unfractionated PGE patterns.

Mastering the surface strain of platinum catalysts for …

Jianbo Wu, Yadong Yin & Mingshang Jin. Nature 598, 76–81 ( 2021) Cite this article. 27k Accesses. 166 Citations. 14 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. Platinum (Pt) has …

Rhenium–osmium isotopes and platinum-group elements

Rhenium–osmium isotopes and platinum-group elements in the Rum Layered Suite, Scotland: Implications for Cr-spinel seam formation and the composition of the Iceland mantle anomaly ... Unit 7–8 and Unit 11–12 Cr-spinel seams show relative enrichments in Pt and Pd, with 'humpback-type' chondrite-normalized patterns (Fig. 4), …

Platinum Group Elements (PGE) Geochemistry and Mineralogy of …

This contribution provides an overview of platinum group elements (PGE) distribution and mineralogy in ophiolitic chromitites, which are unusually enriched in the low melting-point Rh, Pt and Pd (PPGE) compared with most chromite deposits associated with ophiolites, which are dominated by the refractory Os, Ir and Ru (IPGE). The PPGE-rich …

Dynamics and correlation of platinum-group metals spot prices

To study the dynamics and correlations of the prices of platinum-group metals, we collect the spot prices of five metals published daily by Johnson Matthey in New York time from July 1, 1992, to August 15, 2019. In the past two decades, the prices of platinum-group metals have increased despite their fluctuations.

Platinum group elements and gold in ferromanganese crusts

The platinum group elements (PGE: Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and Au in ANS Fe-Mn crusts are derived from seawater and are mainly of terrestrial origin, with a minor cosmogenic component. ... in continental basalts, whereas Pd/Ir ratios exhibit values (<2) similar to CI-chondrite (∼1). The chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are similar to those …

Platinum-group element potential of porphyry deposits …

The platinum-group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd and Pt) or PGE, which are the most valuable elements, have been described in a wide range of geotectonic settings, but in most cases they are associated with primary …

Bimetallic monolayer catalyst breaks the activity

b, Highlight of the shifts of platinum 4f 7/2 binding energy with platinum particle size and composition normalized to that of bulk platinum. The insets show models of different sizes of platinum ...

Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Platreef at Overysel

The Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the World's largest layered igneous intrusion, made up of a 7–8 km thick sequence of mafic and ultramafic lithologies covering an area of 65,000 km 2 (Eales and Cawthorn 1996).It is the largest repository of magmatic ore deposits on Earth and contains around 75% of the World's resources of platinum …

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Gongzhu

The chondrite normalized REE compositions of the peridotites typically display U-shaped or spoon-shaped patterns, and primitive mantle-normalized PGEs patterns show Ir depletion relative to Os and Ru, and Pt enrichment relative to Rh and Pd. ... Platinum group elements were analyzed at the National Research Center for …

Chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations

Magmatic sulfide deposits consist of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite (± pyrite), and platinum-group minerals (PGM). Understanding the distribution of the chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations among the base metal sulfide phases and PGM is important both for the petrogenetic models of the ores and for …

Platinum-group element (PGE) deposits and occurrences: …

Deposits containing Ni, Cu and platinum-group elements (PGE) are usually associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks. The deposits may be subdivided into two groups (Naldrett, 1981). ... These silicate rocks have similar primitive-mantle normalized trace elements and chondrite-normalized REE patterns, suggesting that they are co-magmatic.

Fractionation of trace and platinum-group elements during

Trace and platinum-group element concentrations in chromite, ferritchromit, and chrome magnetite were measured by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) at the Korea Institute of Ocean Sciences and Technologies, South Korea using an LA-ICPMS system consisting of a New Wave 193 nm ArF excimer laser …

Chondrite normalized Platinum Group Element (PGE) patterns of …

The nature of highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re, Au) and Platinum group elements (PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) in subduction zone melting regimes is highly complex and warrants detailed study ...

Platinum group element mobilization in the mantle

Our results reveal that the nephelinites and basanites are characterized by unfractionated platinum-group element (PGE) patterns normalized to primitive upper …

Distribution and Mobility of Platinum‐Group Elements in the Late

Possible platinum-group element (PGE) oxides in the PGE-mineralized chromitite from the northern Oman ophiolite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 97, 190–198.

Minerals | Free Full-Text | Exploration for Platinum …

This study aims to present the advantages of applying a mineral detection routine initially developed for gold grains counting and characterization, to platinum-group minerals in <50 µm till heavy …

Fractionation of the Platinum-Group Elements During Mantle …

When primitive mantle, chondritic with respect to the platinum-group elements (PGEs) (), undergoes partial melting, the noble metals become fractionated.Os, Ir, and Ru are retained in the mantle residue, whereas Re, Pt, and Pd are sequestered to the basaltic melt ().There is consensus that sulfide plays a major role in the fractionation …

Olaparib synergizes with arsenic xide by promoting

To evaluate the combined effect of olaparib and ATO in platinum-resistant OC, the two platinum-resistant cells were subjected to subsequent studies. Fig. 1: ATO plus olaparib exerts synergistic ...

Platinum-group and trace elements in Cu-sulfides from the

Platinum-group element concentrations in the Loolekop pipe are compared with concentrations in copper porphyry deposits as well as in the O'okiep Cu-Ni deposit, Namaqualand, South Africa (Fig. 9). The PRIMA-normalized diagram shows significant differences in PGE concentrations between copper porphyry deposits and rocks of the …

New Insights into Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance: From …

1. Introduction. Cisplatin (CDDP), a platinum-based anticancer agent, is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of patients with various types of cancer, such as bladder, ovarian, head and neck, lung, testicular, cervical, esophageal, and breast cancer [].CDDP and its analogs, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, …

Platinum group | Chemical Properties, Uses & Occurrence

Platinum-Group Element Deposits in Layered Intrusions

Mantle-normalized base-metal and platinum-group element spectras of pyrrhotite analysed from various PGE deposits. a Pyrrhotite from the Merensky Reef coarse-grained melanorite and melanorite (Godel et al. 2007; Osbahr et al. 2013) and pyrrhotite from the Platreef pyroxenite (Holwell and McDonald 2007).

Platinum-group element systematics in Mid-Oceanic …

Platinum-group element systematics in Mid-Oceanic Ridge basaltic glasses from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans - ScienceDirect. Geochimica et …

Improving the bulk gas transport of Fe-N-C platinum group metal …

To overcome transport limitations associated with thicker platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrodes, it's imperative to investigate and tailor alternative electrode architectures to maximize the bulk electrode transport properties, whilst not significantly impeding electrocatalyst active site accessibility and electrode proton …

Platinum-group element geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from …

Forty-two Cenozoic (mostly Miocene) basalt samples from Jining, Chifeng, Fansi, Xiyang, and Zuoquan areas of the North China Craton (the NCC basalts hereafter) were analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGE, including Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd). Most of them are alkaline basalts and tholeiites and all of them display little crustal …

Platinum-group elements (PGE) chondrite [50] …

Platinum-group elements (PGE) chondrite [50] normalized patterns for selected chromitites of the Urals. (A) PGE distribution in mantle hosted ophiolitic chromitites, MOF = main ore field. (B)...

Frontiers | Three-Dimensional Distribution of Platinum Group …

The platinum group minerals (PGM) distribution shows that 20.6 vol% of all PGM occur in the ISS-MSS matrix and 79.4 vol% in the ISS globules. We suggest that this distributional behavior is due to the fact that the platinum group elements (PGE) cannot be dissolved in ISS, which led to the formation of the large PGM grains, which are up to 120 ...

Establishing reactivity descriptors for platinum group …

Broader context Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have reached the commercial stage and ever wider deployment is imminent. To further reduce the loading of platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts in …