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ore processing germanium

Germanium Deposits in the United States | U.S.

Currently, germanium is produced as a byproduct of zinc-bearing ore deposits. Acid mine drainage may have elevated signatures of germanium because of germanium's strong association to sulfide minerals (Shanks and others, 2017). …

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British Columbia government to create provincial critical minerals

2 days agoThe B.C. government is still working on its own provincial strategy, and has earmarked $6 million to it so far. First Nations are also working on a critical minerals strategy. The federal strategy ...

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Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022

GERMANIUM. (Data in kilograms of contained germanium unless otherwise noted) . Domestic Production and Use: In 2021, zinc concentrates containing germanium were …

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Germanium: environmental occurrence, importance and …

Germanium-bearing ore deposits. ... The processing of germanium-containing PET is not particularly difficult or complicated, but the quality of the recycled product is degraded. PET resins are recycled in Japan, but the original bottles, which had contained water or soft drinks, are then remanufactured for use with products other than …

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Moving Towards Sustainable Germanium Sourcing Evaluated by …

Germanium Production Systems Studied. In system 1 (Fig. 1), lead concentrate and leaching residues from zinc concentrate are added to a smelter based in North America.Germanium contained in the slag is further up-concentrated until it can be chlorinated to GeCl 4.It is further hydrolyzed to GeO 2, followed by reduction to …

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Germanium Metallurgy | SpringerLink

It has been ascertained that the germanium resources are mostly the associated minerals in zinc sulfide ore and germanium-bearing coal. According to estimation, the germanium resource contained in zinc sulfide ore is over 100,000 t. ... NaClO is used to process germanium residue in 80 °C in order to generate sodium …

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Germanium Prices – Historical Graph [Realtime Updates]

During the burning of coal, germanium is released into the ash. Subsequently, this ash can undergo further processing to extract germanium. 3. Copper Ore – Germanium is also present in copper ores, although in lesser quantities compared to zinc ores. The process of mining and refining copper can produce germanium as a byproduct. 4.

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[Ar]4s 3d 4p USGS Mineral Resources Program …

The process to recover germanium from coal ash collected from flue dusts at power stations was developed in the 1950s; however, germanium recovery dropped when coal gas was subsequently replaced by natural gas. Currently, 30 to 50 percent of primary germanium production is from lignite deposits in China, Russia, and Uzbekistan.

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The States and Properties of Germanium in Sulfuric …

In China, germanium mainly comes from lead–zinc ore. As a by-product of lead–zinc smelting, zinc oxide dust is an important secondary resource for extracting germanium. At present, the main …

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On the geological availability of germanium | SpringerLink

Based on a detailed statistical analysis of chemical data published in the scientific literature, estimates were made of the minimum amounts of recoverable Ge contained within sulphidic zinc ores and coals, given current processing technologies. It is expected that at least 119 kt (∼7 kt in zinc ores and ∼112 kt in coal) of recoverable …

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[Ar]4s 3d 4p USGS Mineral Resources Program …

Deposits similar to the Kipushi ores in Africa are possible rich sources of germanium; however, given their remoteness, exploration and development has been minimal. …

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Quartz can help predict, manage wildfires

Quartz can help predict, manage future wildfires. Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Reference image by Luca Galuzzi, Wikimedia Commons.) Researchers at Utah State University have, for the first time, field ...

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Germanium Deposits in the United States

The Apex mine produced gallium (Ga) and germanium as primary products during the mid-1980s. Since its closure, germanium recovery has been restricted to …

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Phytomining: Harvesting Germanium May Provide a …

Most germanium is recovered as a byproduct of zinc ore (sphalerite) processing, and occasionally from silver, lead, and copper ores. ... The advantage of that, there is no hazard to environment when …

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Germanium Production Technology Based on the Conversion of Germanium

The essence of the process developed is the following: the open-mined lignite ore with a total moisture content of 47 wt %, an ash content of 31.5 wt % on a dry matter basis, and a germanium content of 28 g/t was dried in air to an analytical moisture content of ~10%, crushed in a jaw crusher to a particle size of 20 mm, and passed through a ...

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Germanium: Current and Novel Recovery Processes

Zinc ores have large and recoverable quantities of germanium terming zinc processing as a huge resource for this rare metal. Germanium exists as a substituted element in Zn-sulfide matrix...

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Germanium

Germanium minerals are also present in zinc ores, and commercial production of germanium is carried out by processing zinc smelter flue dust. It can also be recovered from the by-products of combustion of certain coals. ... came across an unusual ore. It was passed to Albin Weisbach at the nearby Mining Academy who certified it was a new ...

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High-resolution Fourier-transform IR spectroscopic determination …

The impurity compositions of silicon tetrafluoride and silane prepared from it have been determined by high-resolution Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. In the spectra of SiF4 samples differing in purity, we have identified rovibrational bands arising from Si2F6O, SiF3OH, HF, SiF3H, SiF2H2, SiH3F, CH4, CO2, and CO impurities. Their …

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IMPORTANT ORE MINERALS

Germanium - A byproduct of zinc ore processing. Also a deposit in China is associated with coal. Gold - The primary mineral of gold is the native metal and electrum (a gold-silver alloy). Some tellurides are also important ore minerals such as calaverite, sylvanite, and petzite. Hafnium - Primary ore mineral is zircon.

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Processing to obtain high-purity gallium | SpringerLink

Gallium has become increasingly popular as a substrate material for electronic devices. Aside from ore, gallium can be obtained from such industrial sources as the Bayer process caustic liquor that is a byproduct of bauxite processing, flue dust removed from the fume-collection system in plants that produce aluminum by the electrolytic process, zinc …

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Distribution Characteristics and Enrichment Model of Germanium …

As a rare and dispersed element, germanium cannot form independent ore deposits but can be enriched in coal and sphalerite. The target of this research is the Cretaceous Ge-rich coal seam of the Yimin Coalfield in the Hailar Basin, which hosts the third largest coal-hosted germanium ore deposit in China. Based on X-ray diffraction …

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31 Germanium Uses in Different Industries (Need To Know Facts)

Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid that is commonly used in various applications. Germanium has unique properties that make it useful in a wide range of industries. It is primarily used as a semiconductor in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and …

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Germanium

Germanium scrap is also recovered from the windows in decommissioned tanks and other military vehicles. The United States has the capability to recycle new and old scrap. Import Sources (2016 – 19): 6. Germanium metal: China, 58%; Belgium, 21%; Germany, 10%; Russia, 8%; and other, 3%. Tariff: Item Number Normal Trade Relations 12 – 31 – 20

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Germanium Data Sheet

GERMANIUM (Data in kilograms of germanium content unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2019, zinc concentrates containing germanium were produced at mines in Alaska, Tennessee, and Washington. Germanium-containing concentrates in Alaska and Washington were exported to a refinery in Canada for processing and …

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Minerals for future technologies: how Germany copes with …

Recent advances in mineral ore processing via biohydrometallurgy in BGR have comprised platinum group element (PGE) ores, copper ores and laterite ores, as well as ore processing residues (mine tailings). ... (copper, lead and zinc), precious metals (gold and silver) and high-technology metals (indium, germanium, bismuth and selenium). …

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Ivanhoe Electric Inc. | Ivanhoe Mines and Ivanhoe Electric …

Open pit mining began at Oyu Tolgoi in 2011. The copper concentrator, the largest industrial complex ever built in Mongolia, began processing mined ore into copper concentrate in 2013. In 2015, Oyu Tolgoi LLC, the operating company, signed a US$4.4 billion project-finance facility with a syndicate of 20 international financial institutions.

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Germanium: Current and Novel Recovery Processes

Germanium is used in solar cells, fiber optics, metallurgy, chemotherapy, and polymerization catalysis. Mainly sources of Ge are …

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China to tighten exports of key battery material graphite

2 days agoChina's graphite curbs are similar to those imposed since Aug. 1 for two chip-making metals, gallium and germanium. The restrictions have slashed exports of those metals recently and pushed up ...

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(PDF) A new method to determine composition of sphalerite …

image processing to rapidly capture ore colors, thus facil- itating the classification of gold and silver grades in the context of silver mining. In spite of this, due to the

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Germanium

GERMANIUM (Data in kilograms of contained germanium unless otherwise noted) Domestic Production and Use: In 2022, zinc concentrates containing germanium were produced at mines in Alaska . and Tennessee. Germanium-containing concentrates in Alaska were exported to a refinery in Canada for processing and germanium recovery.

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