ammonium perchlorate grinding techniques
Morphology of ammonium perchlorate in presence of
26 Y. Hagihara and T. Ito, Grinding of ammonium perchlorate. by ball mill, Kogyo Kayaku, 1967, ... Analytical techniques were used to determine the energy of the three-phase system. The pendant ...
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Ammonium Perchlorate, The Principal Oxidizer Used in Solid …
To that end, control spectra of ammonium perchlorate (the most widely used oxidizer in solid propellants) have been collected from a freshly cleaved single crystal surface. The composition of ammonium perchlorate is NH 4 ClO 4. Atomic concentrations, excluding hydrogen, are Cl 16.6%, N 16.6% and O 66.6%.
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Technical Fact Sheet
Perchlorate may occur naturally, particularly in arid regions such as the southwestern United States (Rao 2007). Manufactured forms of perchlorate include perchloric acid and …
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Method to Dimilitarize, Extract, and Recover Ammonium Perchlorate …
Liquid ammonia is maintained at the required operating conditions to efficiently and rapidly achieve propellant demilitarization including recovery of ammonia perchlorate AP for reuse, by an environmentally safe method to comminute and remove propellant from existing rocket motor hardware. The method is also applicable to both solid and ground composite …
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Properties and Manufacture of Ammonium Perchlorate
A thermogram of pure am-monium perchlorate (A),ammonium perchlorate containing 0.06% sodium chlorate(B),and 0.1% sodium chlorate (C). Figures - uploaded by Alaa N. Ghanim Author content
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US3419899A
In both instances, the crystallization techniques were adjusted to best meet the particle size distribution specification of: ... SAID SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION SEEDING PARTICLES OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE WHEREIN SAID SEEDING PARTICLES ARE OBTAINED BY GRINDING AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE CRYSTALS TO A …
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Preparation of Nano-Cu-Fe Composite Metal Oxides via a
Request PDF | Preparation of Nano-Cu-Fe Composite Metal Oxides via a Mechanical Grinding Method and Its Catalytic Performance for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate | In this ...
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(PDF) Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium …
Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating …
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OSHA Hazard Information Bulletins
Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 CLO 4) is a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful oxidizing material. ... devices, techniques and engineering controls. HIBs are initiated based on information provided by the field staff, studies, reports, concerns expressed by safety and health professionals, employers and the public. Information is …
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Ferrite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic
Ammonium perchlorate (APC) is the most common oxidizer in use for solid rocket propulsion systems. However its initial thermal decomposition is an endothermic process that requires 102.5 J/g. This behavior involves high activation energy and could render high burning rate regime. This study reports on the sustainable fabrication of …
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Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium Perchlorate during …
and double decomposition reaction with ammonium chloride, was used as grinding material. The air classifier mill (ACM), model ACM-10 procured from the REICO, Pune, having grinding capacity in the range 140-300 kg/h, was used for grinding ammonium perchlorate. 2.2 Procedure All the experimental grindings were carried out by taking …
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Synthesis of Covalently Modified Energetic Graphene Oxide/CuO
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an excellent oxidizer with a high effective oxygen content, good thermal stability, and chemical stability, and it has been widely used in composite solid propellants, accounting for about 60–90% of the system. ... The CMGO/CuO/AP composite was synthesized by the mechanical grinding method. AP was dried in an oven ...
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Experimental investigation of waste heat recovery from the …
Ammonium perchlorate wastes are classified as hazardous due to the irreversible ailments it has caused to humans due to its contamination. Ammonium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizer used in the production of solid rocket propellant. Waste generated during the production of ammonium perchlorate in the form of mother liquor …
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(PDF) Solvent-Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An
Crystallization is the most critical step in the manufacture of ammonium perchlorate, which determines the size, shape, morphological characteristics, crystal strength, grinding characteristics ...
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CuO/PbO Nanocomposite: Preparation and Catalysis for Ammonium
1. Introduction. With the ongoing advances in nanotechnology, nanoscale transition-metal oxides have gained much attention in the field of catalyzing ammonium perchlorate (AP) and AP-based propellants in recent years. 1,2 Nanocatalysts exhibit better catalytic effects than traditional catalysts, owing to their small particle size, large specific …
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Preparation and characterization of ultra-fine ammonium …
The common methods used for the preparation of ultrafine ammonium perchlorate (AP) crystals are physical and recrystallization methods. These methods …
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Survey of Low-Burn-Rate Solid Rocket Propellants | SpringerLink
Furthermore, the use of alternative oxidizers to ammonium perchlorate may be considered. Challenges in development of low-burn-rate propellants are discussed. ... of providing a survey of key developments of low-burn-rate propellants worldwide and an assessment of burn rate control techniques. ... The AP grinding process has impact on …
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Novel spherical simonkolleite nanoparticles and their promotional
The as-synthesized n-SK was analyzed by XRD, FTIR and SEM, and its catalytic activity toward the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated with DSC. Upon grafting onto the AP surface through ultrasonic-assisted grinding technique, n-SK significantly reduces the high decomposition temperature of …
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(PDF) Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium …
Ammonium perchlorate, grinding, air classifier mill, composite propellant, average particle. size, modelling equation, burn rate. N OM E N CL AT UR E. AC M Ai r cla ssi fie r mil l. FR AL Fe ed ...
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OPTIMIZATION OF GRINDING PARAMETERS AND PRODUCT …
The present study deals with the grinding of ammonium perchlorate (AP) using an air classifier mill. Numerous trials were carried out producing a diverse range of particle size distribution (PSD) of fine AP product from a given feed of coarse AP. Particle size distribution measurement was carried out using ASTM sieve analyzer.
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In situ synthesis of copper stearate/ammonium perchlorate …
In this study, copper stearate (CS) was investigated as a potential catalyst for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Copper stearate/ammonium perchlorate (CS/AP) shell–core composite was prepared by in situ synthesis and characterized to sample by SEM and EDS, it shows that CS is evenly dispersed on the …
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Aluminum nanoparticles manufactured using a ball-milling …
However, methods for producing aluminum nanoparticles on a large scale are limited. In this work, we introduce a facile method for manufacturing nanosized aluminum powders on a hundred-gram scale. The key reagents used are ammonium chloride and aluminum(III) acetylacetonate, employed as a grinding aid and surface passivation agent, respectively ...
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Method to dimilitarize extract, and recover ammonium perchlorate …
Liquid ammonia is maintained at the required operating conditions to efficiently and rapidly achieve propellant demilitarization including recovery of ammonia perchlorate (AP) for reuse, by an environmentally safe method to comminute and remove propellant from existing rocket motor hardware. The method is also applicable to both solid and ground …
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EnErgEtic MatErials – ParticlE tEchnology
An additional Fraunhofer ICT product is phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) which, like ammonium perchlorate, is used as an oxidant in solid propellants for rocket engines and gas generators. It is produced in the pilot plant by spraying a melt containing added stabilizers at temperatures of approx. 180–190 °C.
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AMPAC
01 | 02. American Pacific's perchlorate business is a worldwide leader in the production of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and other perchlorate chemicals and derivatives. We have supplied AP for use in aerospace, national defense programs and commercial applications for more than 50 years. We have been the exclusive manufacturer of AP in North ...
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Preparation and characterization of ultra-fine ammonium …
The common methods used for the preparation of ultrafine ammonium perchlorate (AP) crystals are physical and recrystallization methods. These methods are associated with several limitations, including strong vibrations or friction during the …
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Effect of Ammonium Perchlorate Particle Size on Flow, Ballistic, …
Grinding of AP leads to generation of a large surface area with excess surface energy and there is a tendency for agglomeration, segregation, caking, bridging, and no flow in silo/bin/hopper, stockpile, feeder, chute, conveyor, etc. ... Ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer, aluminum (Al) as metal additive, and HTPB as binder-cum-fuel are the ...
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Preparation of Fine Ammonium Perchlorate by Employing
To reduce the mechanical sensitivity of ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate (AP), a surface modification of ultra-fine AP was performed by jet mill and the ultra-fine AP composite particles, including ...
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Ammonium perchlorate | NH4ClO4 | CID 24639
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a chemical compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. Like other perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidizer. It is produced by reaction between …
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