aggregate consequences of international firms in dev

International Competitiveness

Benefits of improving international competitiveness. Exports relatively cheaper leading to higher demand for exports. Export-led growth has been a significant factor in Chinese economic growth. Higher exports will help increase aggregate demand and economic growth. Improved competitiveness will help improve a country's current …

Firm Performance in a Global Market | Annual Review of …

3.2. Reallocation: Aggregate Effects. Above we focus on the potential effects of trade liberalization on individual producers. However, at the end of the day, what we care …

Real earnings management: A review of the international …

We provide a systematic literature review of the determinants and consequences of real earnings management (REM) in an international context. We provide a theoretical framework for REM, the development of REM measures, and review the determinants of REM, categorising these into financial reporting, auditing, governance and controls, …

The Aggregate Consequences of Default Risk: Evidence from Firm …

The Aggregate Consequences of Default Risk: Evidence from Firm-level Data. This paper studies the implications of perceived default risk for aggregate output and productivity. Using a model of credit contracts with moral hazard, we show that a firm's probability of default is a sufficient statistic for capital allocation.

2022/sbm aggregate consequences of international firms …

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Macroeconomic Effects of Exchange Rates

Exchange Rates, Aggregate Demand, and Aggregate Supply. A central bank will be concerned about the exchange rate for three reasons: (1) Movements in the exchange rate will affect the quantity of aggregate …

Foreign Know-How, Firm Control, and the Income of Developing …

Management know-how shapes the productivity of firms and can be reallocated across countries as managers acquire control of factors of production abroad. We construct a quantitative model to investigate the aggregate consequences of the international reallocation of management know-how.

The economics of migration: Labour market impacts and …

Abstract. This article introduces the Special Issue on "The Economics of Migration: Labour Market Impacts and Migration Policies". In the paper, we summarize the selection of articles published in the Special Issue and place their contributions in the context of the main developments in this field. We have organized the articles into three ...

The role of multinational firms in international business cycle co

22 Oct 2016. Multinational production has become one of the most important means by which firms serve foreign markets. This column examines the role of multinational firms in aggregate business cycle transmission. The results suggest that the combined impact of all foreign multinationals is small but significant, accounting for about 10% of the ...

The Effects of Trade Policy

We then discuss the evidence on the effects of trade policy on a series of outcomes that include: (1) aggregate outcomes, such as trade volumes (and their price and quantity …

The economics of COVID-19 pandemic: A survey

1. Introduction. This paper undertakes a survey of literature on the economics of COVID-19 1 pandemic. 2 The goal is to explore the economic effects of the COVID-19 and suggest policy directions to mitigate its magnitude.. Clark (2016) opined that a pandemic is a serial killer that can have devastating consequences on humans and the global economy. For …

The aggregate and distributional effects of financial …

Supply Side Policies: Definition, Examples & Diagram

Governments are often involved in research and development (R&D), in addition to creating incentives for firms to pursue R&D by providing them with subsidies, grants, tax breaks, or patents to protect innovation. The development of new technology and technological innovation could make production processes quicker, less costly, and more efficient.

1. The economic impacts of environmental policies: …

Such aggregate effects mask significant heterogeneity across firms and sectors, underlining the importance of combining both sector- and firm-level analysis. In summary, the OECD studies find that past environmental …

Aggregate Consequences of Limited Contract Enforceability

We study a general equilibrium model in which entrepreneurs finance investment with optimal financial contracts. Because of enforceability problems, contracts are constrained efficient. We show that limited enforceability amplifies the impact of technological innovations on aggregate output. This implies that economies with lower enforceability of contracts …

(PDF) The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth

It consists of eight sections: (1) Introduction; (2) The influence of economic development on entrepreneurship; (3) Types of entrepreneurship and their relation to economic growth; (4) The effects ...

Import competition and firm innovation: Evidence from China

The effect of import competition on innovation remains unclear, as does the cause of these cross-regional variations. In this paper, we re-examine the effect of import competition on firm innovation in the context of China, and our findings contribute to the literature in three ways. First, China, being the largest developing economy and the ...

Global migrants: Understanding the implications for international

Global migration touches nearly all corners of the world. At the time this article was written, 272 million people were residing in a country other than that of their birth (International Organization for Migration (IOM, 2020).This number was a significant increase from the 258 million just three years earlier (US-DESA, 2017), when we saw the …

Using Macroeconomic Frameworks to Analyze the Impact of …

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Institute for Capacity Development Using Macroeconomic Frameworks to Analyze the Impact of ... show that a transitory lockdown can have persistent aggregate effects through its impact on unemployment and a decline in total factor productivity. Using a model with multiple sectors and input-output linkages, …

Capital market financing and firm growth

1. Introduction. A large body of research finds a positive connection between capital market development and national growth rates (Levine and Zervos, 1996, Levine and Zervos, 1998, Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic, 1998, Rajan and Zingales, 1998, Henry, 2000, Levine, 2002, Beck and Levine, 2004, Bekaert et al., 2005).This macro-level work, …

The impact of artificial intelligence on international trade

The development of AI raises intellectual property (IP) issues with international trade implications. As noted, AI relies on large amounts of input data. Training data will often need to be copied ...

The Effect of the War in Ukraine on Global Activity and Inflation

The effects of elevated geopolitical risks in 2022 are associated with declining consumer confidence and stock prices, factors that weaken aggregate demand. The exchange value of the dollar appreciates, in line with the evidence that spikes in global uncertainty and adverse risk sentiment can trigger flight-to-safety international capital …

Selection effects, inequality, and aggregate gains from trade

At low levels of trade, the marginal selection effects on the elasticity of inequality are relatively strong such that μ ( T) increases at first. As more firms start to export and trade grows, the effects of openness on μ ( T) taper off. Next, I calculate the trade-off between inequality and aggregate gains from trade.

Supply and demand shocks in the COVID-19 pandemic: an …

I. Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on societies around the world. 1 As governments mandate social distancing practices and instruct non-essential businesses to close to slow the spread of the outbreak, there is significant uncertainty about the effect such measures will have on lives and livelihoods. …

The impact of foreign direct investment, foreign aid and trade on

Evidence on the growth effects of international trade from extant studies has been more positive than that of FDI and foreign aid. ... Another limitation of this study was the use of aggregate data for FDI rather than the disaggregated data that shows sectoral inflows. Consequently, we are unable to distinguish the effects of FDI on poverty in ...

The Economy and the Construction Industry

The share of value added in construction as a percentage in GDP also increases as per capita GDP increases. The share of the valued added in construction as a percentage to GDP was found to be around 3–5% for developing countries and 5–8% for more developed countries over the period of 1955–1965 (Turin, 1969).

Firms, informality, and development | VoxDev

Firm-level and aggregate effects of formalisation policies. I consider four policy counterfactuals: (i) equalising the formal and informal sectors' entry costs, (ii) a 20 percentage point cut in the payroll tax, (iii) increasing the cost of being an informal firm (the extensive margin), and (iv) increasing the cost of formal firms hiring ...

Foreign Know-How, Firm Control, and the Income of …

In this paper, we construct a quantitative model of cross-country income differences to study the aggregate consequences of international mobility of managerial know-how. We use the model and aggregate data to infer the relative scarcity of this form of know-how for a …

Factsheet on how competition policy affects macro-economic …

firm level and patent panel data for the UK and the wave of reforms that in the 1980s introduced greater competition in the economy and that entry from find foreign firms has led to greater innovation and faster total factor productivity growth of domestic incumbents, and thus to faster aggregate productivity growth.

Determinants and Effects of Countries' External …

In this paper, we investigate whether a firm's composition of foreign liabilities matters for their resilience during economic turmoil and examine which characteristics determine a …